Definition

Estimated percentage of New Jersey women aged 50 to 74 years who reported having a mammogram in the last two years.

Numerator

The number of women 50 to 74 years or older who reported having a mammogram in the last two years.

Denominator

The total number of female survey respondents aged 50 to 74 excluding those who responded "don't know" or "refused" to the numerator question.

Data Interpretation Issues

Data from the New Jersey Risk Factor Survey are intended to represent non-institutionalized adults in households with telephones. Data are collected using a random sample of all possible telephone numbers. Prior to analysis, data are weighted to represent the population distribution of adults by age, sex, and "race"/ethnicity. As with all surveys, however, some residual bias may result from nonresponse (e.g., refusal to participate in the survey or to answer specific questions) and measurement error (e.g., social desirability or recall). Attempts are made to minimize such error by use of a strict calling protocol (up to 15 calls are made to reach each household), good questionnaire design, standardization of interviewer behavior, interviewer training, and frequent, on-site interviewer monitoring and supervision. Starting in 2011, BRFSS protocol requires that the NJBRFS incorporate a fixed quota of interviews from cell phone respondents along with a new weighting methodology called iterative proportional fitting or "raking". The new weighting methodology incorporates additional demographic information (such as education, race, and marital status) in the weighting process. These methodological changes were implemented to account for the underrepresentation of certain demographic groups in the land line sample (which resulted in part from the increasing number of U.S. households without land line phones). Comparisons between 2011 and prior years should therefore be made with caution. (More details about these changes can be found at [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a3.htm].)

Why Is This Important?

About one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer during their lifetime and this risk increases with age. A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast and is the most accurate tool for detecting breast cancer. Health care providers use a mammogram to look for early signs of breast cancer.

Healthy People Objective: Increase the proportion of women who receive a breast cancer screening based on the most recent guidelines

U.S. Target: 81.1 percent
State Target: 87.5 percent

Other Objectives

'''Healthy New Jersey 2020 Objective CA-16''': Increase the proportion of women aged 50 to 74 years who receive a breast cancer screening based on the most recent guidelines to 87.5% for the total population, 86.4% among Whites, 93.5% among Blacks, 91.9% among Hispanics, and 91.5% among Asians.

How Are We Doing?

The percentage of New Jersey women who are current with breast cancer screening recommendations has remained stable for over the last five years at approximately 80%.

How Do We Compare With the U.S.?

Comparable rates for current breast cancer screening are not calculated for the United States. Data for the United States are only available for women ages 40 years and older or women ages 50 years and older.

What Is Being Done?

The New Jersey Cancer Education and Early Detection (NJCEED) Program provides comprehensive outreach, education and screening services for breast, cervical, colorectal and prostate cancers. The services provided by NJCEED include: *Education *Outreach *Screening *Case Management *Tracking *Follow-up *Facilitation into Treatment

Available Services

NJDOH has many programs and partnerships related to cancer resources, cancer information and cancer prevention. [http://nj.gov/health/ces/public/ http://nj.gov/health/ces/public/]

Health Program Information

New Jersey Cancer Education and Early Detection Program (NJCEED): [http://nj.gov/health/ces/public/resources/njceed.shtml]

Health Care System Factors

Since January 2016, the USPSTF^1^ has recommended '''biennial screening mammography''' for women aged 50 to 74 years. Health care system factors that are positively associated with self-report of breast cancer screening according to current guidelines include having a '''usual source of primary care''', having adequate '''health care coverage''', and '''visiting a doctor or obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) in the past 12 months'''. ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6093265/ Hall et al., 2018]) Note: [https://www-doh.state.nj.us/doh-shad/query/builder/njbrfs/Mammo/MammoAA11_.html Custom data views] of the estimated prevalence of adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines among New Jersey women by selected '''sociodemographic and other characteristics''' (including '''health care coverage''' and '''usual source of primary care''') can be generated using the New Jersey Behavioral Risk Factor Survey interactive query module. 1. United States Preventive Services Task Force. [https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/breast-cancer-screening1 Breast Cancer: Screening] [last reviewed: 1/26/20]

Risk Factors

Factors that are negatively associated with self-report of breast cancer screening according to current guidelines include having an '''annual income of less than 139% of poverty level''' and being '''non-Hispanic Asian''' or '''non-Hispanic White'''. ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6093265/ Hall et al., 2018]) Note: [https://www-doh.state.nj.us/doh-shad/query/builder/njbrfs/Mammo/MammoAA11_.html Custom data views] of the estimated prevalence of adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines among New Jersey women by selected '''sociodemographic and other characteristics''' (including '''income''' and '''race/ethnicity''') can be generated using the New Jersey Behavioral Risk Factor Survey interactive query module.

Health Status Outcomes

According to the [https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq National Cancer Institute], there is solid evidence that screening mammography reduces '''breast cancer-specific mortality''' for women aged 60 to 69 years, and fair evidence that it has the same impact on women aged 50 to 59 years. [Last reviewed: 1/27/20]

Data Notes

Estimates are age-adjusted using the 2000 U.S. standard population.   **No data is available for 2019

Data Source

Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Center for Health Statistics, New Jersey Department of Health, [http://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/njbrfs/]

Data Notes

Estimates are age-adjusted using the 2000 U.S. standard population.   **No data is available for 2019. Data for Asians did not meet CDC minimum sample size (i.e., N<50) 2011, 2013, 2015-2018.

Data Source

Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Center for Health Statistics, New Jersey Department of Health, [http://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/njbrfs/]

Data Notes

Estimates are age-adjusted using the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Data Source

Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Center for Health Statistics, New Jersey Department of Health, [http://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/njbrfs/]

Data Notes

Estimates are age-adjusted using the 2000 U.S. standard population.   *2019 data is not included in the average estimated prevalence. No data is available for 2019.

Data Source

Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Center for Health Statistics, New Jersey Department of Health, [http://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/njbrfs/]