Definition

Age-adjusted incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer in females per 100,000 standard population. ICD-O-3 codes: C53.0-C53.9 (excl. types 9590-9992)

Numerator

Number of new cases of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed among females

Denominator

Total number of females in the population

Why Is This Important?

Cervical cancer is the easiest gynecologic cancer to prevent with regular screening tests and followup. It also is highly curable when found and treated early.[https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/cervical_facts.pdf ^1^]

Healthy People Objective: Reduce invasive uterine cervical cancer

U.S. Target: 7.2 new cases per 100,000 females (age-adjusted)
State Target: 7.2 new cases per 100,000 females (age-adjusted)

Other Objectives

'''Updated Healthy New Jersey 2020 Objective CA-10''': Reduce the age-adjusted incidence rate of invasive uterine cervical cancer in females per 100,000 standard population to 7.2 for the total population, 6.4 among Whites, 9.0 among Blacks, 9.8 among Hispanics, and 3.2 among Asians. '''Original Healthy New Jersey 2020 Objective CA-10''': Reduce the age-adjusted incidence rate of invasive uterine cervical cancer in females per 100,000 standard population to 7.2 for the total population, 7.1 among Whites, 9.0 among Blacks, 11.6 among Hispanics, and 6.3 among Asians.

How Are We Doing?

All original Healthy New Jersey 2020 (HNJ2020) targets were achieved. As of 2019, the revised HNJ2020 targets for Blacks, Hispanics, and all races/ethnicities combined had also been achieved. Although the revised target for Whites was achieved in 2020, additional years of data are needed to determine if the decline was solely due to decreased screening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Available Services

NJDOH cancer resources: [http://nj.gov/health/ces/public/resources/]

Health Program Information

NJDOH cancer programs: [http://nj.gov/health/ces]

Health Care System Factors

Since September 2014, the [https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling1 United States Preventive Services Task Force] has recommended intensive '''behavioral counseling''' for all sexually active adolescents and for adults who are at increased risk for [https://www-doh.state.nj.us/doh-shad/query/builder/std/STD/CrudeRate.html sexually transmitted infections (STIs)]. [Last reviewed: 1/26/20] Since October 2019, the CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/hpv.html#recs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices] has recommended 1) routine '''HPV vaccination''' of children by 11 or 12 years of age (starting as early as age 9), 2) vaccination for females aged 13 through 26 years and males aged 13 through 21 years not adequately vaccinated previously, and 3) vaccination through age 26 years for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, transgender people, and for immunocompromised persons (including those with HIV infection) not adequately vaccinated previously. [Last reviewed: 1/26/20] According to the [https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/hp/cervical-screening-pdq National Cancer Institute], regular '''screening with the Papanicolaou (Pap) test''' decreases cervical cancer incidence and mortality by at least 80%, while '''HPV-based screening''' provides 60% to 70% greater protection against invasive cervical carcinoma compared with cytology. [Last reviewed: 1/26/20]

Risk Factors

According to the [https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/hp/cervical-prevention-pdq#_1 National Cancer Institute], almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by '''infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV)''', and '''HPV vaccination''' protects against the HPV types that most often cause cervical cancer. Any woman who is sexually active is at risk for HPV infection, but the risk for both HPV infection and cervical cancer increases with having '''sexual relations at an early age''' and having an '''increasing number of sexual partners'''. Factors associated with increased risk of cervical cancer among HPV-infected women include '''giving birth to many children''', '''cigarette smoking''' (both active and passive), and long-term use of '''oral contraceptives'''. [Last reviewed: 1/26/20]

Health Status Outcomes

Using data from SEER 18 (2009-2015), the [https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cervix.html National Cancer Institute] found the five-year '''relative survival''' for women diagnosed with cervical cancer to be approximately 66% overall. [Last reviewed: 1/27/20]

Data Notes

This is Healthy New Jersey 2020 objective CA-10.   Data for Whites, Blacks, and Asians/Pacific Islander include Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Race misclassification could result in an underestimate of Asian/Pacific Islander incidence and should be interpreted with caution. *NJ 2020 data are considered preliminary and should not be used in trend analyses; an approximate 10% decrease in the number of cancer cases diagnosed in 2020 compared to 2019, is partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients experienced difficulties scheduling medical appointments and cancer screening tests in 2020.

References and Community Resources

1. [http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/cervical_facts.pdf CDC Cervical Cancer Fact Sheet] CDC Cervical Cancer Info: [http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/]